
Overview of prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in New Zealand men. Most men who develop prostate cancer are over 65. It's rare in men younger than 55.
If you're 40, the risk of prostate cancer is one in 500. If you're in your 70s, the risk increases to around one in nine. The risk is higher if you have a relative who has had prostate cancer.
You should see your GP if you have problems urinating or any symptoms that might suggest a problem with your prostate. Prostate symptoms usually mean an enlarged prostate.
Many men with prostate cancer have no symptoms. That's why regular checks with your GP are important. The advice on the right age to start checking your prostate varies. But a good guide for most men is to start checking at around 50. If your father or brother has had prostate cancer, your risk of developing prostate cancer is higher. In this case, you should consider being checked from age 40.
A check will usually involve a PSA blood test and a digital rectal exam. To do a digital rectal exam, your GP inserts a lubricated gloved finger into your anal canal. This lets them feel for any abnormalities with your prostate.
HealthInfo recommends the following pages
- Cancer Society
- Prostate cancer
This 45-page booklet has comprehensive information on prostate cancer, its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and the after-effects of treatment.
It includes some information in Māori.
- Kupe
A Ministry of Health website with information about prostate cancer and help to decide if getting checked for prostate cancer is right for you.
- Prostate Cancer Foundation of New Zealand
The Prostate Cancer Foundation of New Zealand has useful information about the disease including 10 key questions to ask your specialist. It also has details of support groups and events in your area.
On the next page: PSA test
Written by HealthInfo clinical advisers. Endorsed by Urology Department, Canterbury DHB. Last reviewed August 2018. Last updated September 2019.
Sources
The information in this section comes from the following sources, some of which may be clinically complex or not available to the general public
British Association of Urological Surgeons – Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate gland, retrieved October 2017.
Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group – PSA testing for prostate cancer (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/856976/
PSA_testing_for_prostate_cancer_information_for_well_men.pdf). Retrieved April 2016.
Cancer Society – Prostate cancer. Retrieved March 2022.
Canterbury Community HealthPathways – Prostate Cancer - Diagnosis, retrieved October 2017.
Kupe – Retrieved March 2022.
NHS – Prostatitis. Retrieved January 2019.
NHS – Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), retrieved September, 2017.
Patient.info – Prostate Gland Enlargement. Retrieved April 2016.
Patient.info – Prostatitis. Retrieved January 2019.
Prostate Cancer Foundation of New Zealand. Retrieved March 2022.
Southern Cross – Enlarged prostate - benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Retrieved April 2016.
Urology Unit, Canterbury DHB. What happens after a prostate biopsy. Authorised by: Nurse Manager, Urology Unit. July 2016. Ref 237713.
WebMD – What is the prostate? (http://www.webmd.com/men/prostate-enlargement-bph/what-is-the-prostate#1). Retrieved April 2016.
Image and embedded video sources
Blood being taken image – From Shutterstock (image ID 510475060). April 2018.
Male reproductive system image – From Shutterstock (image ID 127210979). November 2015.
Man in countryside image – From Shutterstock (image ID 54026611). August 2018.
Microscope analysis image – From Shutterstock (image ID 606379304). April 2018.
Prostate surgery image – From Shutterstock (image ID 167475845). April 2018.
Tired man image – From Shutterstock (image ID 284497310). December 2015.
Page reference: 542416
Review key: HIPRH-45800