HealthInfo West Coast-Te Tai Poutini
Broken bones (fractures)
Kōiwi tāwhatiwhati
Bones give our bodies structure, allowing us to walk, ride a bike and hold things.
Bones are hard. They do bend or give a bit when something hits or pushes against them. But if the force is too strong, the bones will break (this is also called a fracture). The break is usually caused by an accident, thin bones (osteoporosis) or overuse (called a stress fracture).
A bone can completely or partially break in several ways (crosswise, lengthwise or into many pieces). The image shows different types of breaks.
Types of breaks
There are lots of medical terms to describe different types of broken bones.
A non-displaced break means the bones are still in the right place. A displaced break means the broken bones have moved and the ends do not meet.
An open or compound fracture means the bone sticks out through the skin or a wound penetrates right down to the bone. Broken bones that do not come out of the skin or have a deep wound over them are called closed fractures.
Children's bones
Bones in tamariki (children) are softer and tend to buckle or bend rather than completely break. Buckle fractures involve small areas of compressed or squashed bone. Another common break in very young tamariki is a greenstick fracture, which only goes part way across the bone.
Bones in tamariki usually heal much faster than adult bones.
Tamariki can also injure their growth plates, which are the areas at the end of their bones where the bones grow. These can be more complicated to treat as it is important that they heal correctly so the bone can continue to grow properly.
Diagnosing broken bones
Broken bones are usually diagnosed with X-rays, which give clear images of the bone or bones involved. If the break is bad or the X-rays do not give a clear diagnosis, you may have a CT scan to give a clearer view.
Treating broken bones
All treatments for broken bones involve putting the pieces back into the right place and stopping them from moving until they have healed. Often a doctor or nurse will need to put broken bones back into position. This is called setting the bones or a fracture reduction.
Broken bone ends heal by knitting back together with new bone being formed around the edge of the broken parts.
Soon after a bone breaks, your body forms a protective blood clot and callus (or bump) made of collagen around the break. New threads of bone cells start to grow on both sides of the break and grow toward each other. The break closes and the bone absorbs the callus.
Healing can take from several weeks to several months. This depends on how bad the break is, your age and how well you follow your health provider's advice.
If you are treated with a cast, it is important to follow the instructions on how to look after it. Read more about this in care for your cast.
This video explains a bit more about how broken bones heal.
If you broke a bone and have thin bones (osteoporosis), make sure you follow the advice on Self-care for osteoporosis to prevent it from happening again.
Written by HealthInfo clinical advisers. Last reviewed May 2025.
Sources
Review key: HIBBN-413463
