HealthInfo West Coast-Te Tai Poutini
Pneumonia (lung infection)
Pūkahu kakā
Pneumonia is a chest infection that people of all ages can get. It can be serious and sometimes life-threatening. Older people and people with poor health or lung disease tend to get it more often. It is also usually worse in these people.
You get pneumonia by breathing in bacteria, viruses or other germs, which then infect your lungs.
The air sacs at the end of your small airways, called alveoli, and the surrounding lung tissue become inflamed. They can fill with infected fluid, which makes it hard to breathe.
Symptoms of pneumonia
Symptoms include:
- a cough, often with mucus (sputum or phlegm) that is yellow-green, rusty or sometimes blood-stained
- shortness of breath
- a high temperature (over 38°C), with shivers, sweats, aches and pains
- a sharp chest pain when you breathe – this happens if the lining around your lungs is inflamed (a condition called pleurisy).
Older people might not have a fever or any specific symptoms, but you might notice that they are confused or agitated.
Important
If you or someone with you has these symptoms, is confused, and is very short of breath or has blue lips or fingers, see a health professional immediately.
Diagnosing pneumonia
To diagnose pneumonia, your health professional will ask you to describe your symptoms and examine you. You may need a chest X-ray. Sometimes your health professional will ask for a sputum (phlegm) sample or take a swab of mucus from your nose.
It is important to tell your health professional if you have been gardening with potting mix or have been overseas recently. These things can lead to different lung infections that need different treatment.
Treating pneumonia
Pneumonia is usually treated with antibiotics, either as tablets or into a vein (intravenously) if the infection is more severe.
If your pneumonia is caused by a virus such as the flu, it will not respond to antibiotics.
Your health professional may decide you are well enough to stay at home with antibiotic tablets. You should go back to your health professional to be checked after 24 hours. If you think you are getting worse, see a health professional straight away. Do not wait until your next appointment.
If your infection is more severe or you have other health conditions, you may need to be treated in hospital.
Self-care for pneumonia
It is important to rest and drink plenty of fluids. You can take paracetamol or ibuprofen to help with the fever and pains.
After you have taken antibiotics for 3 days, tell your health professional if you are not feeling any better. You might need to take a different antibiotic.
Preventing pneumonia
Do not smoke. This is the most important way of reducing chest infections.
Make sure you have a flu vaccination every year if you have a long-term health condition such as COPD.
Keep up to date with COVID-19 booster vaccinations.
Some people with specific health issues should get the pneumococcal vaccine. Talk to your general practice team about whether this applies to you.
HealthInfo recommends the following videos
- Alila Medical Media – Pneumonia
An animated video explaining how pneumonia affects the body.
- Bupa Health UK - How pneumonia affects the lungs
An animated video talking about pneumonia and how it is treated.
- Te Whatu Ora Waitaha – Recovering from pneumonia
A doctor explaining what to expect when you are recovering from pneumonia.
HealthInfo recommends the following pages
- Patient.info – Pneumonia
Information about the causes and different types of pneumonia.
- Te Whatu Ora Waitaha – Pneumonia and your recovery
Information about what to expect when you are recovering from pneumonia and what you should do to care for yourself.
Written by HealthInfo clinical advisers. Last reviewed October 2024.
Sources
See also:
Review key: HIPNE-160002
