HealthInfo Waitaha Canterbury
Soft tissue injuries & treatment
Wharanga kiko ngohe me whakarauoranga
Strains and sprains are common soft tissue injuries. They can affect your muscles, tendons, joint capsules and ligaments.
They usually happen because of twisting, stretching or tearing caused by a sudden movement or landing awkwardly.
Strains affect muscles or tendons. A sprain happens when a ligament is torn or twisted.
Recognising a strain or sprain
The symptoms will depend on the area injured and the extent of injury, but they may include:
- pain
- difficulty moving the affected area
- swelling and bruising.
Helping someone who has a strain or sprain
You can do a lot to make sure you recover as quickly as possible or to help someone else.
The four steps to treat strains and sprains are: Move, Ice, Compression and Elevation.
The activities to avoid when recovering from a strain or sprain are: Heat, Alcohol, Run (exercise) and Massage.
Do: |
Do not: |
|---|---|
MOVE – Immediately stop the activity you were doing. Sit or lie down and gently move the affected area in directions that do not hurt. Do this every few hours for the first couple of days. You may need to use crutches to help protect the area from too much load. The key is not to keep the area too still. This allows the tissues to heal well without further damage happening. |
HEAT – Do not apply any heat or deep heat creams, as these increase bleeding. |
ICE – Put crushed ice in a damp towel moulded over the damaged area. Remove the pack after 10 to 20 minutes. During the first 24 to 48 hours, apply ice regularly four to eight times a day. This reduces swelling, pain and bruising. |
ALCOHOL – Do not drink alcohol, as it increases swelling. |
COMPRESSION – Wrap the damaged area firmly but comfortably for the first few days with a bandage or compression stocking. Take it off at night and put it back on the next day to prevent discomfort. This reduces bleeding and swelling, as well as providing support. |
RUN – Do not run or exercise too soon, as this can make the injury worse. |
ELEVATION – Raise the injured limb, ideally above the level of your heart. Support it with a soft cushion. This helps to reduce swelling. It is important that you pump your fingers and toes regularly and put them through a full range of movement, as this also helps to reduce swelling. |
MASSAGE – Do not massage the injured area, as this will increase swelling and bleeding. |
The pain and swelling should improve after 48 hours. You should be able to begin to use the injured limb by taking the joint gently through its normal range of movement.
A soft tissue injury is often just as painful the next day. It may take several days for the swelling to go down and the bruising to come out. Gently moving your limb will not damage it.
Do not force movements of your injured limb and stop if it gets too painful.
Getting medical help
If despite the treatment, your injury does not improve in a few days, see your health professional to assess it.
Simple pain relief such as paracetamol or paracetamol and codeine should provide enough pain relief.
Written by HealthInfo clinical advisers. Last reviewed February 2022. Last updated July 2024.
SourcesReview key: HILWI-174362
